Lectures : 12 h

Objectives

Bioanalysis can be defined as the analysis of compounds (drugs, doping agents, pollutants…) in biological samples (biological fluids, tissues…) or as an analytical method based on the use of biological tools (antibodies, DNA strands…) to improve the potential of conventional analytical methods.
Therefore, this course will focus on the presentation of recent developments in separation sciences and related analytical field to improve their separation power and to tend towards ultra-fast analyses such as multidimensional and high pressure chromatography, selective biological and biomimetic tools for sample treatment or bioassays applied to the trace analysis of compounds in complex samples. A focus on the miniaturization of these analytical devices to develop lab-on-chip will also be made.

Syllabus

Analytical sciences must respond to the societal demand from social and economic fields such as industry, public health, food safety, environment, human security, fraud and doping, historical or archaeological heritage... Although the objectives are very diverse depending on the field, trends are for the development of:

• fast, low cost, high-throughput, reliable methods that respect the environment and sustainable development,
  
• methods adapted to low sample volumes,
  
• easy to use methods adapted to the field (hospitals, community laboratories, factories, etc.) or in routine,
  
• methods that integrate sample pretreatment,
  
• trace and ultra-trace analysis in complex matrix samples,
  
• analysis of very complex mixtures by the number of compounds (proteomics, petroleum products, natural essences, ...).

To meet these demands, modern analytical chemistry relies on the concepts of chemistry and physico-chemistry, with an increasing contribution of the concepts of biology, biochemistry and physics. This course aims to present the modern aspects of bioanalytical chemistry (or bioanalysis).
Bioanalysis refers to the specific analysis of molecules of biological interest (antibodies, enzymes, hormones, pharmaceuticals, etc.) in various media or the analysis of various molecules (including pollutants) in biological samples (urine, plasma, blood, hair, organs, ...). It also refers to the use of biological tools (antibodies, enzymes, DNA strands, etc.) to increase the performance of conventional analytical procedures or to develop new analytical approaches. These developments concern both compounds of biological but also non-biological origin.
High-resolution analytical approaches will be discussed, such as multidimensional techniques that combine several separation systems that have to be compatible. Very selective approaches using biological or biomimetic tools in both sample processing and separation techniques will be also presented. Similar tools used for the development of bioassays for trace analysis of compounds in complex samples will be also discussed.
At last, this course will deal with the miniaturization of these analytical devices, notably by presenting the realization of different micro-unit operations (MUOs concept) on a chip leading ultimately to the concept of lab-on chip (the so-called μTAS concept, micro Total Analytical System).

Requirements : Analytical sciences module (2nd year).

Evaluation mechanism : Article analysis.

Last Modification : Wednesday 22 March 2017